One of the causes that Southern blacks migrate is because of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863 during the American Civil War. Emancipation Proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." Proclamation also captured the hearts and imaginations of millions of Americans even though it didn’t ended slavery in the nation. Moreover, black men were accepted into the Union Army and Navy which enable them to become liberators.
Another cause is the Black Codes that established by ex-Confederate after the Civil War ended between Northern states (Union) and Southern states (Confederate) dealing with the newly freed slaves. Although the codes granted certain rights to blacks (the right to marry, to own personal property, and to sue in court), they also applied for the segregation. The goal of Black Codes was to make blacks to be working on plantation again and mostly under the control of white southerners.
Moreover, the white supremacy was restored across the South after the post-Civil War Reconstruction ended in 1876. The white southerners press the segregationist policies known as Jim Crow upon the African-Americans. Jim Crow policy forces southern blacks to make a living as part of the sharecropping system, tenant farming and peonage that provide little economic opportunity, especially an insect known as the boll weevil has damage crops across the South between 1910 and 1920. That’s why they found work in northern and western steel mills, tanneries and railroad companies. Lastly, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) has dissolved in 1869, however, it continued underground. KKK used violence such as lynching, bombing churches, setting fire on homes and property and lacking of opportunities in the South to intimidate southern blacks.
Another cause is the Black Codes that established by ex-Confederate after the Civil War ended between Northern states (Union) and Southern states (Confederate) dealing with the newly freed slaves. Although the codes granted certain rights to blacks (the right to marry, to own personal property, and to sue in court), they also applied for the segregation. The goal of Black Codes was to make blacks to be working on plantation again and mostly under the control of white southerners.
Moreover, the white supremacy was restored across the South after the post-Civil War Reconstruction ended in 1876. The white southerners press the segregationist policies known as Jim Crow upon the African-Americans. Jim Crow policy forces southern blacks to make a living as part of the sharecropping system, tenant farming and peonage that provide little economic opportunity, especially an insect known as the boll weevil has damage crops across the South between 1910 and 1920. That’s why they found work in northern and western steel mills, tanneries and railroad companies. Lastly, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) has dissolved in 1869, however, it continued underground. KKK used violence such as lynching, bombing churches, setting fire on homes and property and lacking of opportunities in the South to intimidate southern blacks.